Educational and Medical Disclaimer

Effective date: 5 October 2026 · Version 1.0

1. Who the app is for

Neurosurgery Plus (the "App") is made for professionals and students in healthcare (physicians, surgeons, resident doctors, nurses, allied health professionals and medical students) who are at least 18 years old, as a study and reference aid.

The App is not intended for patients or the general public. If you are a patient or a relative, please do not use the App to understand, check or question your own care: talk to your doctor.

2. Educational purpose only

The only intended purpose of the App is education: helping users study, teach and revise neurosurgical knowledge, discover recent literature and find educational events.

The App is not intended, and must not be used, to:

• diagnose, prevent, monitor, predict, prognosticate, treat or relieve any disease, injury or condition in a real person;
• decide whether, when or how to operate, admit, discharge, image, refer or treat a patient;
• calculate drug doses or any treatment parameter for a patient;
• replace or check the judgement of a qualified clinician;
• support decisions at the bedside, in the emergency room, in the operating room, in the ward, in clinic, or in any other clinical setting.

3. Scores: what the results mean and what they do not mean

The Scores section reproduces published grading systems, scales, classifications and scores as described in the medical literature, so that you can learn how they are built and how they are interpreted.

• A result in the App is only a description of what the original scale or study reported, in the population and setting where it was developed. It does not apply automatically to any individual patient.
• Scores simplify reality. They do not consider the whole clinical picture: your patient's history, examination, imaging, evolution, comorbidities, preferences and local resources.
• A result suggesting a "low" grade or risk does not mean that a patient is safe, and a "high" grade or risk does not mean that an intervention is indicated or futile.
• Different versions, modifications and interpretations of the same score exist in the literature. The App may show one version only, and the wording may be simplified for teaching.
• Percentages, survival figures and risks come from published cohorts and may not reflect current practice or your setting.
• Each score lists its references: read them. The original publication always prevails over the App.

If a score result and your clinical assessment disagree, trust your clinical assessment, and never withhold a test or treatment a patient needs because of a score.

4. Not a medical device

The App is not a medical device and has not been certified, approved, cleared or registered as one under any law, including Regulation (EU) 2017/745 on medical devices, UK medical device regulations or the US Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or under the laws of any other country. It has not been clinically validated for use in patient care.

5. Accuracy, errors and updates

The content of the App is prepared with care from sources believed to be reliable, mainly peer-reviewed publications. However:

• content is transcribed and summarised by hand, and errors, omissions and misprints can occur;
• medicine changes quickly: content may not reflect the latest evidence, guidelines or practice;
• the software may contain bugs that produce wrong, incomplete or misleading results;
• the Developer does not guarantee that any content is accurate, complete, current or suitable for any purpose.

If you find an error, please report it to neurosurgeryplusadmin@gmail.com. Reports help to improve the App, but there is no obligation or guaranteed time to correct them.

6. Papers

The Papers section shows titles, abstracts and other information about published articles obtained automatically from third-party databases (such as Europe PMC).

• The App does not write, review or endorse these articles. Showing an article does not mean that its findings are correct, relevant or applicable.
• Subspecialty tags and filters are generated automatically and can be wrong or incomplete.
• Article content belongs to its authors and publishers. Always read the full original article before relying on it.

7. Events

The Events section lists conferences, courses, webinars, workshops and cadaver labs based on information published by their organisers.

• Dates, places, fees, programmes and availability can change or be cancelled at any time, and the App may not be updated in time.
• The Developer is not the organiser of any listed event and is not responsible for it. Always check the details with the organiser before registering, paying or travelling.
• Listing an event does not mean that the Developer endorses it, its organiser or its educational quality.

8. Sponsorship and advertising

The App may show sponsored content and advertising (for example a sponsored event, an organisation's announcement or a partner's discount offer). Sponsored content is clearly labelled as "Sponsored" or "Advertisement".

• Sponsorship and advertising do not influence the educational content of the Scores section or the way papers are selected.
• The Developer does not endorse any product, device, drug, service, organisation or event that is advertised or sponsored, and is not responsible for the claims sponsors and advertisers make.

9. Notifications

Notifications (for example a weekly summary, an important paper, a new event or a new score) are for information and education only.

• A notification about a paper or an event does not mean that the Developer endorses it, or that its content is correct or applies to your patients.
• Notifications can be delayed or not delivered. Never rely on them for anything urgent or clinical.
• Sponsored notifications and partner offers are sent only if you turn them on, and are labelled as sponsored.

10. No medical advice and no doctor–patient relationship

Nothing in the App is medical advice. Using the App, or contacting the Developer, does not create any doctor–patient or other professional relationship.

In an emergency, contact your local emergency services or the responsible clinical team. Do not rely on the App.

11. Your responsibility and limitation of liability

You use the App at your own risk and you remain solely and fully responsible for every clinical, professional and personal decision you make. If you are in training, you must follow the supervision rules of your institution.

To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, the Developer accepts no responsibility or liability for any loss, damage or injury (including death) to you, to patients or to anyone else that arises from using, or being unable to use, the App or its content, including from any error, omission, inaccuracy or delay.

Some countries do not allow certain liability to be excluded. Nothing in this Disclaimer excludes or limits liability that cannot be excluded or limited under the law that applies to you. The full terms are in the Terms and Conditions, Sections 12 and 13.

12. Independence

Neurosurgery Plus is developed independently, in a personal capacity. It is not affiliated with, sponsored by or endorsed by any university, hospital, employer, scientific society, journal, publisher or database, unless clearly stated. Names of societies, journals, scores and events are used only to identify them and belong to their respective owners.

13. Changes and contact

This Disclaimer may be updated. The effective date at the top shows the latest version. Continuing to use the App after an update means you accept the updated version.

Questions or error reports: neurosurgeryplusadmin@gmail.com

This Disclaimer is part of, and should be read together with, the Terms and Conditions and the Privacy Policy.